Computational Thinking Teaching Methodologies for Non-Programmers: Perspectives from Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Environments

Abstract

Computational thinking (CP) is an essential competence in the digital age, with growing academic interest reflected in a steady increase in publications since 2016. This article examines effective methodologies for teaching computational thinking (CT) to non-programmers, emphasizing the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual environments. A systematic review of major academic databases revealed key strategies, including immersive simulations, gamified learning, and unplugged activities. These methods effectively build both cognitive and technical skills, making CT more accessible. The findings underscore the potential of AI to personalize learning and expand its reach to non-technical disciplines, such as social sciences and art, promoting a more inclusive approach. However, challenges remain, such as the lack of longitudinal studies, the need to consider individual cognitive factors, and implementation in resource-limited contexts. This study proposes pedagogical strategies to maximize the impact of AI in PC teaching, addressing the identified gaps and promoting accessible, ethical and equitable learning.